Historical Time Line

What is Pre-Columbian?  It is from any civilization, generally south of Texas that was established or created prior to Columbus Discovering the new world.

Great Civilization start ups. These are approximate and reflect when the peoples of a region began to have greater influence. Rome for example existed 100s of years before the listed date.

Inca-1200ad

Aztec 1200ad

Toltec 800 ad

Roman Republic 450 BC

Greece 700 BC

Persia 700 BC

Carthage 750 BC

Israel 1250 BC

Mayan 1900 BC

China 2200 BC

Holocene –the period between now and 10,000 years ago or the last ice age.

Pleistocene – About 2 MYA to the Holocene

                                Massive Ice ages

Extinction of massive mammals; Cave bears, Saber-tooth Cats, Mammoths all roamed during this period and then became extinct.

Pliocene – About 5 MYA to the Pleistocene

                                Most modern families of mammals starts

                                Saber-tooth cats, Giant ground slooths, Giant armadillos

                                Beginning of the primates

Miocene – About 25 MYA to the Pliocene

                                In the seas Giant megalodon sharks, up to 60 feet long with up to 6 inch teeth.

                                On land, Hyenas and saber-tooth cats were major carnivors.

                                First giraffes, deer and 3 toes horses called Eohippus.

Oligocene – About 34 MYA to the Miocene

Horses, camels, giant pigs from hell like archaeotherium, and thunder animals like brontotherium.

Eocene – About 54 MYA to the Oligocene

The mammals take over the earth. Grass appears for the first time. Escalating grazing mammals and providing protection for rodents.

Paleocene – About 64 MYA to the Eocene

Dinosaurs become extinct. Tiny mammals, lots of birds, turtles, crocodiles, lizards and snakes were present.

KT boundary – About 65.5 MYA

An iridium layer around the earth thought to be in conjunction with major meteor strike.

Cretaceous – About 146 MYA to the KT boundary

                                The most well known dinosaurs appeared at this time. TRex, Velociraptor, Spinosaurus,

                                Duckbills, Triceratops, and Anklyosaurus roamed.                            

Jurassic – About 208MYA to the Cretaceous

                                Pterasaurs flourished in the sky. Allosaurus ruled with ceratosaurs and stegosaurs.

                                Longnecked dinosaurs appear.

                                The sea has Ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurus, marine crocodiles and ammonites.

Triassic – About 245 MYA to the Jurassic

Trilobites die out at the beginning. The first dinosaurs rule the land as some super reptiles like postosuchus die out. Coelophysis and Herrerasaurus appear.

Permian – About 286 MYA to the Triassic

                                Dimetrodon, Captorhinus, Labidosaurus, Eryops

Carboniferous – About 354 MYA to the Permian

                                Ferns, Trilobites, Goniatites, Crinoids, Brachiopods

Devonian – About 400 MYA to the Carboniferous

                                The first Insects, Goniatites, Coelacanth, Sharks

Silurian – About 425 MYA to the Devonian

                                Eurypterids, (Sea scorpions)

Ordovician – About 440 MYA to the Silurian

Nautiloids, Bivalves, Tilobbites, sponges, Jellyfish

Cambrian – About 500 MYA to the Ordovician

Nautiloids, Bivalves, Tilobbites, sponges, Jellyfish